DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR THE CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF CLUSTERING IN THE WORLD
Abstract
The novelty of the research topic lies in the fact that the intertwining of entrepreneurial activities is increasingly taking place at the meso and micro level. Business units form a production network in which it is easier to survive. However, experience shows that government intervention in clusters only encourages their activity. The first pattern of clustering is determined by the fact that these formations have a synergy effect, when enterprises unite and their activities become optimal and more profitable. Cluster enterprises are also included in business networks and become an aspect of inclusive phenomena in the economy. Exports are also more efficient from the territory of an industrial district when enterprises unite and ship products abroad. The new classification of districts also includes the following forms: dynamic districts; mature districts; ulcerated districts; and virtual districts. In general, the organizational model of a district is an evolutionary process characterized by three phases: specialization of production; establishment of relations between enterprises; maturity. It is noted that the life cycle of a district repeats the life cycle of an enterprise. This is especially true in relation to the competitive content of the most turbulent districts. The textile district of Biella and its historical development were characterized separately. This district is one of the oldest in the world. This is called Manchester of Italy. This area has Research institute of the problem of textile industry, which studies new types of wool materials, textile equipment and additional chemical solutions for producing final materials. Basic of business activity of this Biella district is small and medium companies, but big corporations are also exist. Today firms of Biella district collaborate with Chinese corporations, which are dislocated in this industrial region. All the analyzed information became the basis for comparing the development of clusters and special economic zones, and conclusions were made.
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