PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROWDLANDING PLATFORMS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY

Abstract

The article examines the state and problems of crowdlending development on an international scale and in Ukraine in particular. The essence of the definition of "crowdlending", the composition of its subjects and objects are determined. It is emphasized that the key feature of crowdlending is the implementation of all operations through an online platform, which ensures the interaction of borrowers with their investment projects and potential investors. The classification of crowdlending, which consists of lending to legal entities and individuals and social lending, is considered. The mechanism of action of crowdlending is investigated. The basics of P2P lending are highlighted and peer-to-peer lending business models are analyzed: the segregated client account model, the guaranteed income model, and the notarial P2P lending model. It is noted that, along with the understanding of P2P lending as an area that involves direct interaction between the lender and the borrower without mediation, there is another approach that considers the mediation of banks in concluding agreements to be promising. The advantages of crowdlending for investors are outlined, such as obtaining high returns taking into account the level of risk; low investment threshold; ease of providing a loan; relatively low interest rates on bank deposits; the possibility of maximum diversification of the loan portfolio and borrowers: a quick way to get the necessary loan; the ability to raise borrowed funds even if banks refuse to lend; the introduction of modern technologies; stimulating economic growth; expanding lending opportunities; the ability to help SMEs increase capital without increasing their debt burden. The main risks include fraud and cybercrime; lower stability of crowdlending platforms compared to banking structures; decreased demand due to the increase in the share of institutional investors; lack of clear rules regulating the process of returning funds if the project does not receive the required amount of funding. A comparative description of the implementation of these operations in a number of foreign countries was conducted. It was emphasized that the experience of Indonesia in conducting P2P lending is interesting. The factors that inhibit the development of crowdlending in Ukraine were investigated.