CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF MODERN CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL ENERGY SYSTEMS

Abstract

The paper is to classify instruments of energy controlling according to its functions and to demonstrate how they affect energy performance on industrial enterprises. The study covers development of new direction of the controlling concept called energy controlling. The focus was given to functional and instrumental aspects of energy controlling. Main questions of the research are: what tasks can be solved by application of energy controlling and what tools there are to respond the challenges in the energy sector of industrial enterprise. According to the proposed classification there were determined functions of energy controlling accompanied by sets of instruments to fulfill in practice each of them. Thus, controlling instruments to actualize the function of energy planning are: energy balance, Sankey Diagram for illustration of energy flows, charts of energy loading, portfolio analysis, analysis of energy market, benchmarking, risk analysis, investment calculations, and morphological analysis. The function of coordination is a symbiosis of planning, realization and control of managerial decisions. In energy controlling there are following instruments to do it: Gantt chart, milestones analysis, analysis of energy costs trends, status reporting. Instruments of information function are energy accounting, energy costing, internal energy accounting, activity-based-costing, energy reporting, and special hardware and software tools. The function of control needs deviation analysis as a part of deviation management, separated indexes or systemically joined indexed (e.g. BSC), check lists. Instruments of consulting function are due diligence, ad-hoc analysis and simulation modeling. The proposed theoretical and practical approach opens a wide perspective for enhancement of energy performance in enterprises. The variety of tools proposed was qualified according to functions of energy controlling and described according to expected results and objectives to use. The research revealed, on one hand, there is a big interest for innovative tools to manage energy system, but on another hand, manufacturing enterprises use very limited tools of energy controlling. That’s why further research should focus as on usage of separate instruments of energy controlling as on their multiplicative impact and calculations of economical and ecological effect of energy controlling use.